Nanomaterial-Based Sensors for Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Review

The quantification of gases in breath has gained significant attention as a modern diagnosis method due to its non-invasive nature, and painless straightforward for the early detection physiological disorders. Several notable clinical applications have been established disease by correlating exhaled samples specific diseases. In addition, diverse molecules represent biomarker illnesses are precisely identified standard analytical method. However, because bulky equipment size, expensive cost, complexity measurement when using methods, many researchers focusing on developing highly selective, sensitive, stable, robust, economical sensors analysis. It is essential optimize approaches such sampling, sensing, data analysis, etc. ppb-level biomarkers too challenging solve abundance interfering gases. We present brief comprehensive review recent diagnostic technique that employs nanomaterial (NM)-based identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated Because they easily fabricated, chemically versatile, can be integrated with existing sensing platforms, NMs ideal sensors. Initially, this provides crucial details about certain representative found diseased patients’ demand Subsequently, highlights sensor technologies electrical, optical, mass-sensitive gas describes their capability detecting biomarkers’ concentrations primary endeavor diagnosing disease. Finally, pitfalls challenges characteristics discussed. This article lays basis high-performance based novel NMs.